1️⃣ Fundamentals of System Design
- What is System Design?
- Functional vs Non-Functional Requirements
- Monolithic vs Distributed Systems
- Scalability Basics (Vertical vs Horizontal Scaling)
- Latency vs Throughput
2️⃣ Networking & Communication
- HTTP/HTTPS, REST, gRPC, WebSockets
- Load Balancers (L4 vs L7)
- Reverse Proxy vs Forward Proxy
- DNS and CDNs
- API Gateway
3️⃣ Databases & Storage
- SQL vs NoSQL
- CAP Theorem (Consistency, Availability, Partition Tolerance)
- Database Replication & Partitioning
- Database Sharding Key Strategies
- Caching (Redis, Memcached)
- Indexing & Query Optimization
- Storage Systems (Blob storage, File storage, Object storage like S3)
4️⃣ Scalability & Reliability
- Stateless vs Stateful Services
- Horizontal Scaling (Microservices)
- Rate Limiting & Throttling
- Circuit Breaker Pattern
- Idempotency in APIs
- Distributed Consensus (Paxos, Raft, Zookeeper, etc.)
- High Availability (Multi-Region, Multi-Data Center)
5️⃣ Message Queues & Event-Driven Design
- Message Queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ, SQS)
- Pub/Sub Systems
- Event Sourcing
- CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)
- Pre-Built Views / Read Models
6️⃣ Security & Authentication
- Authentication vs Authorization
- JWT (JSON Web Tokens)
- OAuth2, OpenID Connect
- SSL/TLS Encryption
- API Security & Rate Limiting
7️⃣ Monitoring & Observability
- Logging (Structured Logging)
- Metrics (Prometheus, Grafana)
- Tracing (Jaeger, OpenTelemetry)
- Alerting Systems
8️⃣ Advanced System Design Concepts
- Distributed Caching
- Distributed Transactions & Sagas
- Consistent Hashing
- Leader Election
- Data Lake vs Data Warehouse
- Stream Processing (Flink, Spark, Kafka Streams)
9️⃣ Real-World System Design Case Studies
- Design URL Shortener (bit.ly)
- Design Instagram / Twitter Feed
- Design WhatsApp / Chat App
- Design Uber / Ride-Sharing System
- Design YouTube / Netflix
- Design E-commerce System (Amazon-like)
- Design Payment System
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