Procedures in Oracle

1. Introduction to Oracle Stored Procedures

  • What is a Stored Procedure in Oracle?
  • Advantages of Using Stored Procedures
  • Differences Between Stored Procedures and Functions

2. Creating a Basic Stored Procedure

  • Syntax of a Stored Procedure in Oracle
  • CREATE PROCEDURE Statement
  • Example: Writing a Simple Procedure

3. Executing Stored Procedures in Oracle

  • Using EXECUTE or CALL Command
  • Passing Parameters to a Procedure
  • Handling Default and Optional Parameters

4. Parameter Types in Oracle Stored Procedures

  • IN Parameters
  • OUT Parameters
  • IN OUT Parameters
  • Examples for Each Parameter Type

5. Control Flow in Stored Procedures

  • Using Conditional Statements (IF...THEN, CASE)
  • Loops (FOR, WHILE, LOOP)
  • Using BEGIN...END Blocks

6. Handling Cursors in Stored Procedures

  • Implicit vs. Explicit Cursors
  • Declaring and Using Cursors
  • Cursor FOR LOOP Example

7. Working with Exceptions in Stored Procedures

  • Types of Exceptions (Predefined and User-Defined)
  • Handling Errors with EXCEPTION Block
  • Using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR

8. Transactions in Oracle Stored Procedures

  • Using COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT
  • Ensuring Data Consistency with Transactions
  • Example: Transaction Handling in a Procedure

9. Dynamic SQL in Stored Procedures

  • What is Dynamic SQL?
  • Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
  • Preventing SQL Injection in Dynamic SQL

10. Recursive Stored Procedures

  • What is Recursion in SQL?
  • Writing a Recursive Stored Procedure
  • Performance Considerations

11. Debugging and Performance Optimization

  • Using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE for Debugging
  • Analyzing Execution Plans for Optimization
  • Indexing and Query Performance Tips

12. Security and Privileges in Stored Procedures

  • Granting and Revoking Permissions (GRANT, REVOKE)
  • Using AUTHID CURRENT_USER for Security
  • Preventing Unauthorized Access

13. Real-World Applications of Stored Procedures

  • Automating Business Logic
  • Data Validation and Processing
  • Batch Processing and Reporting

14. Best Practices for Writing Stored Procedures

  • Modular and Reusable Code
  • Handling Errors Gracefully
  • Improving Maintainability

15. Conclusion

  • Key Takeaways
  • When to Use Stored Procedures in Oracle
  • Future Trends in PL/SQL Development
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